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Chicago Referencing Style

  • 14 December 2021, 13.47
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What is Chicago Style?

There are two parts to referencing: the citations within the text of your paper and the reference list at the end of your paper.

Chicago style is an "author-date" style, so the citation in the text consists of the author(s) name and year of publication given wholly or partly in round brackets.

Use only the surname of the author(s) and the year of publication. Include page, chapter or section numbers, preceded by a comma, if you need to be specific.

Reference list entries contain all the information that someone needs to follow up your source. Reference lists in Chicago are arranged alphabetically by the primary author's surname.

See all examples for details on how to construct references for specific resources such as books, journals and web pages.

Assignments
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Assignment from Another Unit(Reid 2016)Reid, Sian F. 2016. “The Importance of Scientific Method.” Unpublished MS, BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students. Murdoch, WA: Murdoch University.
  
A-V Materials
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
DVD(Moore 2003)Moore, Michael. 2003. Bowling for Columbine. Written and directed by Michael Moore. Melbourne: AV Channel. DVD, 120 min.
Radio Programme(Browning 2006)Browning, Daniel. 2006. "Black Soccer Heroes." Message Stick. Guest speaker Dr. John Maynard. Aired on June 9, 2006 on ABC Radio, 4:25 min.
Sound Recording(St. Laurence Chamber Choir 2005)St. Laurance Chamber Choir. 2005. Commemoration, Ritual and Performance: The Iberian Connection: Medieval and Renaissance Music from the St Laurence Chamber Choir. Directed by N. McEwan. Sydney, NSW: Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Sydney. Compact disc, 45: 24 min.
Television Programme(Masters 2006)Masters, Chris. 2006. "Big Fish, Little Fish." Four Corners. Aired on March 27, 2006 on ABC Television, 45 min.
Video Recording(Attenborough 1990)Attenborough, David. 1990. Life on Earth: A Natural History. Produced by Richard Brock and John Sparks. US: Warner Home Video. Videorecording (VHS), 2 videocassettes, 233 min. each.
YouTube/Vimeo Video(NRK 2007)NRK. 2007. "Medieval Helpdesk with English Subtitles." Uploaded on February 26, 2007. YouTube video, 2:44 min. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQHX-SjgQvQ..
DVD(Moore 2003)Moore, Michael. 2003. Bowling for Columbine. Written and directed by Michael Moore. Melbourne: AV Channel. DVD, 120 min.
  
Book Chapters
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Chapter or Article in Edited Book(Rapping 2004)Rapping, Elayne. 2004. "Aliens, Nomads, Mad Dogs, and Road Warriors: The Changing Face of Criminal Violence on TV." In Reality TV: Remaking Television Culture, edited by Susan Murray and Laurie Ouellette, 214-230. New York: New York University Press.
Article in an EncyclopaediaIncorporate into textThese items are not listed in the reference list.
  
Books
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Book: Including Page Numbers(Viner 2010, 151-152)Viner, Bradley. 2010. Success in Veterinary Practice: Maximising Clinical Outcomes and Personal Well-being. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Book: Single Author(Nicholas 2010)Nicholas, F. W. 2010. Introduction to Veterinary Genetics. 3rd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Book: Two Authors(Rosenfeld and Dial 2010)Rosenfeld, Andrew J., and Sharon M. Dial. 2010. Clinical Pathology for the Veterinary Team. Aimes, IA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Book: 4 or More Authors(Millon et al. 2000)Millon, Theodore, Roger Davis, Carrie Millon, Luis Escovar, and Sarah Meagher. 2000. Personality Disorders in Modern Life. New York: Wiley.
Book: Different Works by Same Author in Same Year(Gilbert 1972a)
(Gilbert 1972b)		Gilbert, Sandra M. 1972a. Acts of Attention: The Poems of D. H. Lawrence. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Gilbert, Sandra M. 1972b. Emily's Bread: Poems. New York: Norton.
Book: Organisation as Author(Ansett Transport Industries Ltd 1984)Ansett Transport Industries Ltd. 1984. Annual Report 1983-84. Melbourne: ATI.
Book: Government Agency as Author(Australia. Department of Aboriginal Affairs 1989)Australia. Department of Aboriginal Affairs. 1989. Programs in Action for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Achievements. Canberra: AGPS.
  
Conference Papers
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Conference Paper in Print(Singh and Best 2004)Singh, Kamal, and Gary Best. 2004. "Film Induced Tourism: Motivations of Visitors to the Hobbiton Movie Set as Featured in 'The Lord of the Rings'." In Proceedings of the 1st International Tourism and Media Conference, Melbourne, 2004, 98-111. Melbourne: Tourism Research Unit, Monash University.
Conference Paper from the Internet(Beckermann 2010)Beckermann, M. 2010. "Regeneration Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Signals, Signposts and Scaffolds." Paper presented at the Biomedical Sciences and Engineering Conference (BSEC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, May 25-26, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/BSEC.2010.5510841.
Conference Proceedings(Hall, Meacham, and Shapiro 1989)Hall, Kira, Michael Meacham and Richard Shapiro, ed. 1989. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Theoretical Issues in Language Reconstruction, February 18-20, 1989. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
  
E-books
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
E-book(Bass, Clements, and Kazman 2003)Bass, Len, Paul Clements, and Rick Kazman. 2003. Software Architecture in Practice. 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley. Safari e-book.
Chapter from an E-book(Haight and Gobster 2009)Haight, Robert G., and Paul H. Gobster. 2009. "Social and Economic Considerations for Planning Wildlife Conservation in Large Landscapes." In Models for Planning Wildlife Conservation in Larger Landscapes, edited by Joseph J. Millspaugh and Frank R. Thompson III, 123-152. Amsterdam: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373631-4.00005-8.
Article from an Electronic EncyclopaediaIncorporate into textThese items are not listed in the reference list.
  
Datasets
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Dataset(Edwards et al. 2019)Edwards, Petra, Susan Hazel, Michelle McArthur, Bradley P. Smith, James A. Serpell, and Matthew Browne. 2019. C-BARQ Data Used in Investigating Risk Factors Contributing to Dogs Fearful of the Vet. Adelaide: University of Adelaide. figshare. https://doi.org/10.25909/5d26bceca47f1.
Dataset Repository(Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior 2019)Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior. 2019. Movebank Data Repository: For Animal Tracking Data. Konstanz, Germany: The Institute. https://www.datarepository.movebank.org/.
Dataset Deposit Record(Morgan and Godwin 2017)Morgan, J. A. T., and R. M. Godwin. 2017. Data from: Mitochondrial Genomes of Australian Chicken Eimeria Support the Presence of Ten Species With Low Genetic Diversity Among Strains. Dryad Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.20hd2. Referenced in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.05.025.
Dataset Description Article(Yadav et al. 2014)Yadav, Brijesh S., Mayank Pokhriyal, Dinesh P. Vasishtha, and Bhaskar Sharma. 2014. "Animal Viruses Probe Dataset (AVPDS) for Microarray-Based Diagnosis and Identification of Viruses." Current Microbiology 68, no. 3 (March): 301-304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-013-0477-4.
  
Internet Documents
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Electronic Document(Shiell 2006)Shiell, Kevin. 2006. Animal Welfare Inventory Report to AAWS - Livestock Production Working Group. http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/152105/aaws_stocktake_livestock_prod.pdf.
Government Publication(Australia. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry 2003)Australia. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. 2003. Quarantine Requirements for the Importation of Live Laboratory Rats and Mice and Their Reproductive Material. http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/13822/2003-06a.pdf.
Whole Internet Site(World Wildlife Fund 2010)World Wildlife Fund. 2010. WWF Worldwide. http://www.worldwildlife.org/home-full.html.
  
E-journals
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Journal Article from a Full Text Database with a DOI(Döring et al. 2009)Döring, Dorothea, Anita Roscher, Fabian Scheipl, Helmut Küchenhoff, and Michael H. Erhard. 2009. "Fear-related Behaviour of Dogs in Veterinary Practice." The Veterinary Journal 182, no. 1 (October): 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.05.006.
Journal Article from a Full Text Database with no DOI(Oskouizadeh, Zahraei-Salehi, and Aledavood 2010)Oskouizadeh, K., T. Zahraei-Salehi, and S. J. Aledavood. 2010. "Detection of Bartonella henselae in Domestic Cats' Saliva." Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2, no. 2 (June): 80-84. CAB Abstracts Full Text Select.
Journal Article from the Internet with a DOI(Meng et al. 2002)Meng, X. J., B. Wiseman, F. Elvinger, D. K. Guenette, T. E. Toth, R. E. Engle, S. U. Emerson, and R. H. Purcell. 2002. "Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis E Virus in Veterinarians Working with Swine and in Normal Blood Donors in the United States and Other Countries." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40, no. 1 (January): 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.1.117-122.2002.
Journal Article from the Internet with no DOI and no month or season available(Bisias et al. 2010)Bisias, G., A. Burriel, S. Boutsini, S. Kritas, and L. Leontides. 2010. "A Serological Investigation Of Some Abortion Causes Among Small Ruminant Flocks In Greece." The Internet Journal of Veterinary Medicine 8 (2): 27+. http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_veterinary_medicine/volume_8_number_2_27/article/a-serological-investigation-of-some-abortion-causes-among-small-ruminant-flocks-in-greece.html.
  
Images
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Image, Photograph or Artwork from a Book(Leibovitz 1996, 72)Leibovitz, Annie. 1996. Olympic Portraits. Boston: Little Brown.
Reproduction in a Book(Bedford 2001, 154)Bedford, Paddy. 2001. Dingo Dreaming. ochre on canvas. Reproduced in McCulloch, Susan, and Emily McCulloch Childs. 2008. McCulloch's Contemporary Aboriginal Art: The Complete Guide, 154. Fitzroy, Vic: McCulloch & McCulloch Australian Art Books.
Image from a Book Chapter(Ardagna et al. 2008, fig. 1)Ardagna, Claudio Agostino, Ernesto Damiani, Fulvio Frati, and Mauro Madravio. 2007. "Open-Source Solution to Secure E-Government Services." In Encyclopedia of Digital Government, edited by Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko and Matti Malkia, 1300-1305. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Reference. IGI Global e-book.
Image from a Journal Article(Yeh and Xu 2010, table 1)Yeh, Quey-Jen, and Xiaojun Xu. 2010. "The Effect of Confucian Work Ethics on Learning About Science and Technology Knowledge and Morality." Journal of Business Ethics 95, no. 1 (August): 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0352-1.
Image from a Newspaper(Leunig 1995, 24)Leunig, Michael. 1995. "Thoughts of a Baby Lying in a Child Care Centre." The Sydney Morning Herald, July 27, 1995: 24.
Image from a Database(Kessel 1995, 10:10)Kessel, Marion. 1995. The Making of a Monologue: Robert Wilson's Hamlet. New York: Cinema Guild. Video recording, 62:18 mins. Theatre in Video.
Online Image/Artwork(Nolan 1946)Nolan, Sydney. 1946. The Encounter. enamel paint on composition board. Canberra: National Gallery of Australia. http://cs.nga.gov.au/Detail.cfm?IRN=28938.
Online Map(Google Maps 2015)Google Maps. 2015. "The British Library, London, UK." Google. Accessed February 5, 2015. https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/The+British+Library/@51.529972,-
Original Image/Artwork (Viewed in a Gallery or Collection)(Angus 2006)Angus, James. 2006. Gorilla, Gorilla, Gorilla. wood veneers, nylon. Perth: Art Gallery of Western Australia.
  
Internet Documents
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Electronic Document(Shiell 2006)Shiell, Kevin. 2006. Animal Welfare Inventory Report to AAWS – Livestock Production Working Group. http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/152105/aaws_
Government Publication(Australia. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry 2003)Australia. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. 2003. Quarantine Requirements for the Importation of Live Laboratory Rats and Mice and Their Reproductive Material. http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/13822/2003
Whole Internet Site(World Wildlife Fund 2010)World Wildlife Fund. 2010. WWF Worldwide. http://www.worldwildlife.org/home-full.html.
  
Journal Articles
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Journal Article in Print(Zhang et al. 2006)Zhang, B., J. Cohen, R. Ferrence and J. Rehm. 2006. "The Impact of Tobacco Tax Cuts on Smoking Initiation Among Canadian Young Adults." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 30, no. 6 (June): 474-479
Journal Article in Print Including Page Number(Hanna 2007, 2047)Hanna, K. 2007. "Adsorption of Aromatic Carboxylate Compounds on the Surface of Synthesized Iron Oxide-coated Sands." Applied Geochemistry 22, no. 9 (September): 2045-2053.
Journal Article in Print: No Author(Who Will Regulate the Veterinary Profession of the Future 2004)"Who Will Regulate the Veterinary Profession of the Future?" 2004. Veterinary Record 154, no. 15 (April): 450-451.
  
Legal Materials
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Reported Case(Coleman v Richards 1941, 22)Coleman v Richards. 1941. 43 WALR 21.
Unreported Case(KJS v The Queen 2016, 30)KJS v The Queen. [2016]. WASC 14. January 13, 30. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/wa/WASC/2016/14.html.
Legislation(Dog Act 1989 (WA), sec. 13)Dog Act 1989 (Western Australia). Version 06-a0-02. http://www.slp.wa.gov.au.
Hansard(Australia. House of Representatives. 2016, 2364)Australia. House of Representatives. 2016. Parliamentary Debates. February 29, 2361. Clare O’Neil. http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/genpdf/chamber/hansardr/3e7fc91c.pdf
  
Newspaper Articles
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Newspaper Article in Print(Hatch 2006)Hatch, B. 2006. "Smoke Lingers for Those who Keep Hospitality Flowing." Australian Financial Review, July 13, 2006: 14.
Newspaper Article from the Internet(Devlin 2010)Devlin, H. 2010. "Neuron Breakthrough Offers Hope on Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s." The Times, January 28, 2010. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/medicine/article7005401
Newspaper Article from a Full Text Database(O’Leary 2006)O'Leary, C. 2006. "Landmark Study to Aid Push for Public Smoking Ban." The West Australian, June 29, 2006: 14. Factiva.
  
Podcasts
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Podcast(Davy 2010)Davy, Olson. 2011. Motherhood in Rural Areas. 2011 Annual Lecture. Lecture given at University of Life in October 2011, 40 min. https://lectures.?ut=8236489=28546.
Podcast Lecture from LMS(Dodo 2014)Dodo, Hadwa. 2014. Democracy in Peace. podcast lecture. In Democracy in Parlement (FDN110). Lecture recorded at University of Life on October 10, 2014, 30 min. https://lecturesid=328348234
Podcast Radio Programme(Gary 2007)Gary, Stuart. 2007. "Black Hole Death Ray." StarStuff. Aired on ABC News Radio, December 23, 2007, 40:44 min. http://abc.net.au/newsradio/podcast/STARSTUFF.xml.
  
Readers/Study Guides
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Reader(Jafari 1990)Jafari, J. 1990. "Research and Scholarship: The Basis of Tourism Education." The Journal of Tourism Studies 1, no. 1 (May): 33-43. Reprinted in Tourism Course Reader (TOU 000) 2009: A source book of seminar texts. Murdoch, WA: Murdoch University.
  
Secondary Sources
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Secondary Source: CitedSeidenberg and McClelland’s 1989 study, published in the volume 96 of the Psychological Review, (cited in Reid 2007) found that the paranormal...Reid, A. S. 2007. "Study of Multiple Paranormal Phenomena." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 45, no. 1 (February): 13-26.
Secondary Source: QuotedIn Louis Zukofskyin's "Sincerity and Objectification," from the February 1931 issue of Poetry magazine (quoted in Costello 1981, 62)...Costello, Bonnie. 1981. Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  
Social Media
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Blog Post(Tudor 2015)Tudor, Ken. 2015. "Protecting Pets in Abusive Human Relationships." The Daily Vet (blog), June 9, 2015. http://www.petmd.com/blogs/thedailyvet/ken-tudor/2015/june/pets-abusive-human-relationships-32819.
Facebook Page(National Library of Australia 2017)National Library of Australia. 2017. "National Library of Australia's Facebook Page." Facebook, August 28, 2017. https://www.facebook.com/National.Library.of.Australia/.
Facebook Post(University of Life Library 2017)University of Life Library. 2017. "Parenting." Facebook, October 26, 2017. https://www.facebook/9359935.
Twitter Tweet(Kruszelnicki 2017)Kruszelnicki, Karl (@DoctorKarl). 2017. "Dr Karl Twitter post." Twitter, February 19, 2017, 9:34 a.m. https://twitter.com/DoctorKarl.
YouTube/Vimeo/Ted Talk video(Setrakian 2017)Setrakian, Lara. 2017. "3 Ways to Fix a Broken News Industry." Uploaded in January, 2017. Ted Talks TEDNYC video, 8:37 min. https://www.ted.com/talks/lara_setrakian_3_ways_to_fix_a_ broken_news_industry#t-521404.
Instagram Post(University of Life Library 2018)University of Life Library. 2018. "Wild Animals." Instagram photo, January 30, 2018. https://www.instagram/9549832.
App(StudentVIP 2017)StudentVIP. 2017. Lost on Campus. http://studentvip.com.au.
Game(Persson and Bergensten 2011)Persson, Markus, and Jens Bergensten. 2011. Minecraft, October, 2011. Mojang Synergies AB. https://minecraft.net/en-us/.
  
Theses
Material TypeIn Text CitationReference List Entry
Unpublished Thesis(Andi 2010)Andi, Swing. 2010. "Effective Parenting." PhD thesis, University of Life.
Published Thesis(Yen 2009)Yen, Hung-Hsun. 2009. Modulation of Immune Responses to DNA Vaccines in Sheep: May a Particular Type of Immune Memory Induced during Vaccination Still be Maintained During Infection? Saarbrücken, Germany: LAP Lambert Academic.
Thesis from a Full Text Database(Beller 2014)Beller, Benjamin J. 2014. "Fire History of the Peron Peninsula, Shark Bay, Western Australia Based on Remote Sensing Dendrochronology, and Anecdotal Evidence." M.S. thesis, University of Life, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global (1564281), http://proquest/928578237
  
The source of the content is originally from https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/Chicago/all. with several adaptations and modifications in some areas and citation examples.